![]() Early farmers from across Europe directly descended from Neolithic Aegeans. Neolithic and Bronze Age migration to Ireland and establishment of the insular Atlantic genome. Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe. Origins and genetic legacy of Neolithic farmers and hunter-gatherers in Europe. Genetic discontinuity between local hunter-gatherers and central Europe’s first farmers. in Investigating Archaeological Cultures: Material Culture, Variability, and Transmission (eds Roberts, B. 1000: An Encyclopedia of the Barbarian World (eds Bogucki, P. ![]() ![]() First Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies 2nd edn (Wiley–Blackwell, 2004) in The Transition to Agriculture in Prehistoric Europe (ed. We also show that southeastern Europe continued to be a nexus between east and west after the arrival of farmers, with intermittent genetic contact with steppe populations occurring up to 2,000 years earlier than the migrations from the steppe that ultimately replaced much of the population of northern Europe. We show that the first farmers of northern and western Europe dispersed through southeastern Europe with limited hunter-gatherer admixture, but that some early groups in the southeast mixed extensively with hunter-gatherers without the sex-biased admixture that prevailed later in the north and west. We document a west–east cline of ancestry in indigenous hunter-gatherers and, in eastern Europe, the early stages in the formation of Bronze Age steppe ancestry. Here, to understand the dynamics of this process, we analysed genome-wide ancient DNA data from 225 individuals who lived in southeastern Europe and surrounding regions between 12000 and 500 bc. ![]() Nature volume 555, pages 197–203 ( 2018) Cite this articleįarming was first introduced to Europe in the mid-seventh millennium bc, and was associated with migrants from Anatolia who settled in the southeast before spreading throughout Europe. The genomic history of southeastern Europe ![]()
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